Background and objectives: To explore cognitive, EEG, and MRI features in COVID-19 survivors up to 10 months after hospital discharge. Methods: Adult patients with a recent diagnosis of COVID-19 and reporting subsequent cognitive complaints underwent neuropsychological assessment and 19-channel-EEG within 2 months (baseline, N = 49) and 10 months (follow-up, N = 33) after hospital discharge. A brain MRI was obtained for 36 patients at baseline. Matched healthy controls were included. Using eLORETA, EEG regional current densities and linear lagged connectivity values were estimated. Total brain and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volumes were measured. Clinical and instrumental data were evaluated between patients and controls at baseline, and within patient whole group and with/without dysgeusia/hyposmia subgroups over time. Correlations among findings at each timepoint were computed. Results: At baseline, 53% and 28% of patients showed cognitive and psychopathological disturbances, respectively, with executive dysfunctions correlating with acute-phase respiratory distress. Compared to healthy controls, patients also showed higher regional current density and connectivity at delta band, correlating with executive performances, and greater WMH load, correlating with verbal memory deficits. A reduction of cognitive impairment and delta band EEG connectivity were observed over time, while psychopathological symptoms persisted. Patients with acute dysgeusia/hyposmia showed lower improvement at memory tests than those without. Lower EEG delta band at baseline predicted worse cognitive functioning at follow-up. Discussion: COVID-19 patients showed interrelated cognitive, EEG, and MRI abnormalities 2 months after hospital discharge. Cognitive and EEG findings improved at 10 months. Dysgeusia and hyposmia during acute COVID-19 were related with increased vulnerability in memory functions over time. Weniger anzeigen

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Nurses are defined as all the „practising“ nurses providing direct health services to patients, including self-employed nurses. However, for some countries (France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Turkey and the United States), due to lack of comparable data, the figures correspond to „professionally active“ nurses, including nurses working in the health sector as managers, educators, researchers, etc. For Austria and Greece, the data include only nurses working in hospitals. Midwives and nursing aides (who are not recognised as nurses) are normally excluded although some countries include midwives as they are considered specialist nurses. This indicator is measured per 1 000 inhabitants. Weniger anzeigen

This indicator provides a measure of the resources available for delivering services to inpatients in hospitals in terms of number of beds that are maintained, staffed and immediately available for use. Total hospital beds include curative (or acute) care beds, rehabilitative care beds, long-term care beds and other beds in hospitals. The indicator is presented as a total and for curative care and psychiatric care. It is measured in number of beds per 1 000 inhabitants. Weniger anzeigen

This indicator presents data on the number of consultations patients have with doctors in a given year. Consultations with doctors can take place in doctors’ offices or clinics, in hospital outpatient departments or, in some cases, in patients’ own homes. Consultations with doctors refer to the number of contacts with physicians, both generalists and specialists. There are variations across countries in the coverage of different types of consultations, notably in outpatient departments of hospitals. The data come from administrative sources or surveys, depending on the country. This indicator is measured per capita. Weniger anzeigen

This is the fifth National Sepsis Outcome Report describing the burden of sepsis on the Irish healthcare system, in terms of the number of cases and the associated mortality. Understanding the pattern of sepsis incidence in Ireland is essential to inform us on the characteristics of individuals who are at increased risk both of developing sepsis and of dying from sepsis. This allows us to have heightened vigilance for sepsis amongst these individuals and provides evidence to support the use of preventative strategies, such as vaccination, in these at-risk people. While sepsis occurs in all age groups and all sectors of society, it most commonly occurs in the extremes of age and in individuals with co-morbidities. The most effective way to reduce mortality from sepsis is by prevention, with good sanitation, personal hygiene, healthy eating, exercising moderately, breast feeding, avoiding unnecessary antibiotics and vaccination for vaccine preventable infections. Weniger anzeigen

Despite huge strides in improving awareness and delivery of care since the 2012 World Sepsis Declaration, sepsis remains one of the most common and least-recognized illnesses in both the developed and developing world. Sepsis arises when the body’s response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs. It may lead to shock, multiple organ failure, disability and death, especially if not recognized early and treated promptly. The Global Burden of Disease Sepsis Report published in January 2020 estimated that 49 million patients suffer sepsis every year, with 11 million of those dying. This burden is significantly higher than the number of lives lost to cancer or coronary disease. Sepsis can affect anyone as a consequence of infection, but globally young children suffer most. Eighty-five percent of people affected reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, whilst the incidence of sepsis in LMICs is similar to that in high-income countries (HICs), reduced access to infection prevention strategies and resilient healthcare systems in LMICs results in significantly poorer outcomes. Young people in LMICs are disproportionately affected with resultant socioeconomic impact – half of the burden of sepsis in resource-poor countries (25 million cases per year), and many lives lost, occur in children under 5 years of age. Moreover, the last decade has seen a worrying increase in the number of episodes reported in women during or immediately following pregnancy. Worldwide, a person dies from sepsis every 2.8 seconds. If we are to deliver on the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 for Good Health and Well-Being (most particularly those targets around reduction of maternal, child, and neonatal mortality and non-communicable disease burden as well as the target to achieve universal, accessible health coverage), it is now imperative that we address the burden of sepsis in both HICs and LMICs. Despite its remarkable incidence, sepsis is practically unknown to the public. Weniger anzeigen

Sepsis is a preventable, life-threatening condition marked by severe organ dysfunction. For 2017, it was estimated that it had affected 49 million individuals and was related to approximately 11 million potentially avoidable deaths worldwide. Sepsis mortality is often related to suboptimal quality of care, an inadequate health infrastructure, poor infection prevention measures in place, late diagnosis, and inappropriate clinical management. Antimicrobial resistance further complicates sepsis management across all settings, particularly in high-risk populations, such as neonates and patients in intensive care units (ICUs). While primary infections have remained the leading cause of sepsis and sepsis-related mortality over the last three decades, there has been a marked increase in the proportion of sepsis incidence and mortality linked to injuries and non-communicable diseases. Moreover, survivors of sepsis face serious long-term health consequences in the form of increased post-discharge mortality, physical and cognitive impairment, and mental health disorders. Unfortunately, high-quality epidemiological data on the burden of sepsis are limited by inconsistent and variable diagnostic criteria, few prospective studies, and suboptimal administrative data and hospital discharge coding. Weniger anzeigen

The Health at a Glance: Europe report series gauges progress towards effective, accessible and resilient health systems across the EU. The report – which is published every two years – provides a neutral, descriptive comparison of all EU countries based on publically available data and indicators. The most recent Health at a Glance: Europe report was published in November 2020. Developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in cooperation with the Commission, this publication provides analysis of the state of health of EU citizens and the performance of EU health systems. In addition to chapters on health status, risk factors for health, health expenditure, quality and access to care in 36 European countries, the 2020 report includes 2 thematic chapters of high relevance for the EU’s agenda. The first chapter provides an in-depth analysis and assessment of European health systems’ resilience to the COVID-19 health crisis. The second chapter presents an assessment of the impact of air pollution on health in Europe. Weniger anzeigen

Health at a Glance compares key indicators for population health and health system performance across OECD members, candidate and partner countries. It highlights how countries differ in terms of the health status and health-seeking behaviour of their citizens; access to and quality of health care; and the resources available for health. Analysis is based on the latest comparable data across 80 indicators, with data coming from official national statistics, unless otherwise stated. Alongside indicator-by-indicator analysis, an overview chapter summarises the comparative performance of countries and major trends, including how much health spending is associated with staffing, access, quality and health outcomes. This edition also includes a special focus on patient-reported outcomes and experiences, with a thematic chapter on measuring what matters for people-centred health systems. Weniger anzeigen